Question:
'Ti Plasmid' is associated with which disease?
'Ti Plasmid' is associated with which disease?
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By replacing tumor-producing genes within the T-DNA of the Ti plasmid with genes of interest, biotechnologists developed the first plant transformation vectors.
This "disarmed" Ti plasmid is the basis for Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer in plant biotechnology.
This "disarmed" Ti plasmid is the basis for Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer in plant biotechnology.
Updated On: Jul 13, 2026
- Crown gall
- Root Rot
- Damping off
- Rust
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Plasmids are extrachromosomal circular DNA molecules found primarily in bacterial cells.
Certain plasmids carry virulence genes that allow the host bacterium to infect and modify plants.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
The Ti (Tumor-inducing) plasmid is a large circular plasmid found in the soil-dwelling bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
This plasmid is the primary virulence factor responsible for causing Crown Gall disease in susceptible plants, mostly dicots.
During the infection process, Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfers a specific segment of the Ti plasmid, called the T-DNA (Transfer DNA), into the plant cell.
This T-DNA is transported to the nucleus and integrates into the plant's genomic DNA.
Once integrated, the T-DNA genes direct the plant cell to:
1. Synthesize plant growth hormones (auxins and cytokinins), causing rapid cell division that produces tumors or "galls" at the crown of the plant.
2. Synthesize opines, modified amino acids that serve as nutrients for the bacteria.
Let us evaluate the other options:
- Root Rot and Damping off are fungal or oomycete diseases caused by pathogens like Pythium, Phytophthora, or Rhizoctonia.
- Rust is a fungal disease caused by Basidiomycete fungi, such as Puccinia species.
Therefore, the Ti plasmid is specifically associated with Crown Gall disease.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The Ti plasmid is associated with Crown Gall disease, matching Option (A).
Plasmids are extrachromosomal circular DNA molecules found primarily in bacterial cells.
Certain plasmids carry virulence genes that allow the host bacterium to infect and modify plants.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
The Ti (Tumor-inducing) plasmid is a large circular plasmid found in the soil-dwelling bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
This plasmid is the primary virulence factor responsible for causing Crown Gall disease in susceptible plants, mostly dicots.
During the infection process, Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfers a specific segment of the Ti plasmid, called the T-DNA (Transfer DNA), into the plant cell.
This T-DNA is transported to the nucleus and integrates into the plant's genomic DNA.
Once integrated, the T-DNA genes direct the plant cell to:
1. Synthesize plant growth hormones (auxins and cytokinins), causing rapid cell division that produces tumors or "galls" at the crown of the plant.
2. Synthesize opines, modified amino acids that serve as nutrients for the bacteria.
Let us evaluate the other options:
- Root Rot and Damping off are fungal or oomycete diseases caused by pathogens like Pythium, Phytophthora, or Rhizoctonia.
- Rust is a fungal disease caused by Basidiomycete fungi, such as Puccinia species.
Therefore, the Ti plasmid is specifically associated with Crown Gall disease.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The Ti plasmid is associated with Crown Gall disease, matching Option (A).
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