Question:
The work function of a metal depends on
The work function of a metal depends on
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Remember that the work function \(\phi\) is an intrinsic property of a material and does not change due to variations in external conditions such as light frequency or intensity.
Updated On: May 31, 2026
- Nature of the metal
- Frequency of incident light
- Intensity of incident light
- Velocity of incident light
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Concept
The work function, denoted as \(\phi\), is a fundamental property of a metal that represents the minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron from the surface of the metal. It depends on the nature of the material but not directly on external factors like frequency, intensity, or velocity of incident light.
Step 2: Meaning
The work function \(\phi\) is intrinsic to the metal and does not change with variations in the conditions of the incident radiation such as its frequency, intensity, or speed. It is a characteristic property that defines the energy barrier for electron emission from the surface of the metal.
Step 3: Analysis
Nature of the Metal (Option A): The work function varies significantly between different metals due to differences in their atomic structure and electronic configurations. For example, sodium has a lower work function compared to tungsten. Frequency of Incident Light (Option B): According to the photoelectric effect, only light with a frequency greater than or equal to the threshold frequency can eject electrons from the metal surface. The intensity and velocity of the incident light do not affect the minimum energy required for electron emission. Intensity of Incident Light (Option C): While the intensity affects the number of electrons emitted per unit time, it does not change the work function itself. Higher intensity means more photons are available to potentially eject electrons, but the threshold energy remains constant. Velocity of Incident Light (Option D): The velocity of light is a fundamental constant and does not vary in different media or conditions. It does not influence the work function of the metal.
Step 4: Conclusion
The correct answer is that the work function depends on the nature of the metal, which aligns with Option A. Final Answer: (A)
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