Step 1: Understanding forensic identification.
- DNA fingerprinting (DNA profiling) is a technique used to identify individuals based on unique patterns in their DNA.
Step 2: Applications.
- Used in criminal investigations to match suspects with evidence.
- Used in paternity and maternity tests to resolve parental disputes.
- Can also be used in identifying remains or for genetic relationship studies.
Step 3: Principle.
- Relies on variations in specific DNA sequences (like VNTRs, STRs) among individuals.
- DNA is extracted, amplified by PCR, and analyzed using gel electrophoresis or sequencing.
Step 4: Comparison with other options.
- Transgenics: modification of organisms by introducing foreign genes.
- Narcotics: drugs, not identification technology.
- Logistics: management of supply chains, unrelated.
Step 5: Conclusion.
Hence, the technique for forensic identification and parental verification is DNA fingerprinting.