Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and over geological time.
Specific sub-disciplines focus on the spatial patterns of either plant or animal life.
Step 2: Detailed Explation:
Let us define the terms in the options:
• Endemism: The ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island or tion, and not found anywhere else.
• Phytogeography: Also known as plant geography, this is the branch of biogeography concerned with the geographic distribution of plant species and their influence on the earth's surface. It seeks to explain why different plant species grow in specific regions.
• Geospatial: Relating to data that is associated with a specific location on the Earth's surface.
• Forest type: A classification of forest lands based on their characteristic vegetation, climate, and soil.
Therefore, phytogeography is the study of the geographic distribution of plants.
Step 3: Fil Answer:
The correct option is (B).