Question

The process of extracting metals from ores is called

• A. \( \text{Bioleaching} \)
• B. \( \text{Biofiltration} \)
• C. \( \text{Bioextraction} \)
• D. \( \text{Microbial extraction} \)

Hint:

"Leaching" refers to the draining of a substance through a liquid; "Bio" indicates that microbes are driving the process.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Concept: Biotechnology is increasingly used in the mining industry to retrieve valuable metals from low-grade ores.
• This field is often referred to as biohydrometallurgy.
• It utilizes the metabolic activities of certain microorganisms to facilitate metal recovery.

Step 1: Defining the Extraction Mechanism.
The specific term for using living organisms (mostly bacteria) to extract metals from ores is "Bioleaching." Bacteria like Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans oxidize sulfur and iron compounds in the ore.

Step 2: Solubilization of Metals.
During this biological oxidation, the insoluble metal sulfides are converted into soluble metal sulfates. The metal then "leaches" out into an aqueous solution (pregnant leach solution), from which it can be easily collected. This process is more environmentally friendly than traditional smelting. Final Answer: The process of extracting metals from ores using biological agents is Bioleaching.