Question:
The maximum covalency and highest oxidation state possible of an element with \(Z=13\) are respectively:
The maximum covalency and highest oxidation state possible of an element with \(Z=13\) are respectively:
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For aluminium \((Z=13)\), the common and highest oxidation state is \(+3\). In some complex compounds, aluminium can show coordination number or covalency up to \(6\).
Updated On: Jun 26, 2026
- \(3,\ +6\)
- \(4,\ +3\)
- \(6,\ +3\)
- \(4,\ +2\)
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Identify the element.
The atomic number is \[ Z=13 \] The element with atomic number \(13\) is aluminium: \[ Al \] Its electronic configuration is \[ 1s^2\,2s^2\,2p^6\,3s^2\,3p^1 \] or \[ [Ne]3s^2 3p^1 \]
Step 2: Determine the highest oxidation state.
Aluminium has three valence electrons: \[ 3s^2 3p^1 \] It can lose these three electrons to form: \[ Al^{3+} \] Therefore, the highest oxidation state of aluminium is \[ +3 \]
Step 3: Determine the maximum covalency.
Aluminium can expand its coordination in compounds and complexes such as fluoroaluminate species.
It can show maximum covalency of \[ 6 \] For example, in complex species like \[ [AlF_6]^{3-} \] aluminium is bonded to six ligands.
Thus, maximum covalency is \[ 6 \]
Step 4: Final conclusion.
Therefore, the maximum covalency and highest oxidation state are respectively: \[ \boxed{6,\ +3} \] Hence, the correct option is \[ \boxed{(3)} \]
The atomic number is \[ Z=13 \] The element with atomic number \(13\) is aluminium: \[ Al \] Its electronic configuration is \[ 1s^2\,2s^2\,2p^6\,3s^2\,3p^1 \] or \[ [Ne]3s^2 3p^1 \]
Step 2: Determine the highest oxidation state.
Aluminium has three valence electrons: \[ 3s^2 3p^1 \] It can lose these three electrons to form: \[ Al^{3+} \] Therefore, the highest oxidation state of aluminium is \[ +3 \]
Step 3: Determine the maximum covalency.
Aluminium can expand its coordination in compounds and complexes such as fluoroaluminate species.
It can show maximum covalency of \[ 6 \] For example, in complex species like \[ [AlF_6]^{3-} \] aluminium is bonded to six ligands.
Thus, maximum covalency is \[ 6 \]
Step 4: Final conclusion.
Therefore, the maximum covalency and highest oxidation state are respectively: \[ \boxed{6,\ +3} \] Hence, the correct option is \[ \boxed{(3)} \]
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