Question

The I-V characteristics graph shown below is exhibited by

• A. LED
• B. Zener diode
• C. Photodiode
• D. Solar cell

Hint:

Remember the operation quadrants of optoelectronic devices:
- First Quadrant: Light Emitting Diode (LED)
- Third Quadrant: Photodiode (reverse-bias operation)
- Fourth Quadrant: Solar Cell (power-generating device)
This is a standard classification that helps you identify the device immediately.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
We are given an \( I-V \) characteristic curve and need to identify which optoelectronic semiconductor device exhibits this specific curve.

Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
We analyze the quadrants in which different semiconductor devices operate:
- LED: Operates in forward bias (first quadrant).
- Zener Diode Photodiode: Operate in reverse bias (third quadrant).
- Solar Cell: It does not draw current but instead supplies power to a load. Hence, its \( I-V \) characteristic curve is drawn in the fourth quadrant, where voltage is positive (\( V > 0 \)) and current is negative (\( I < 0 \)).

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
- A solar cell generates photo-voltage when light falls on it.
- When the circuit is open, the maximum voltage is obtained, called the open-circuit voltage \( V_{oc} \). This is represented by the intercept on the positive voltage axis.
- When the circuit is shorted, the maximum current flows, called the short-circuit current \( I_{sc} \). This is represented by the intercept on the negative current axis.
- Since the solar cell delivers power, the current flows out of the positive terminal, resulting in a negative current by convention. Thus, the curve lies in the fourth quadrant.

Step 4: Final Answer:
The given \( I-V \) characteristic is exhibited by a solar cell, which corresponds to option (D).