Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Soil compaction is a mechanical process where mechanical energy is applied to densify soil by expelling air from its pore spaces.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
During compaction:
1. The solid soil particles are packed closer together.
2. The volume of air voids is significantly reduced, which directly decreases the
void ratio (\(e = V_v / V_s\)).
3. Because the particles are closer, the dry density increases.
4. The interlocking of soil grains increases the shear strength and the structural stability of the soil mass.
Therefore, compaction reduces the void ratio, while increasing soil strength, stability, and dry density.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The correct option is 3, which corresponds to Void ratio.