Concept:
Doppler Effect is the change in observed frequency due to relative motion between source and observer.
Step 1: Key idea:
• Approaching → frequency increases
• Receding → frequency decreases
Step 2: Why others are wrong:
• Beats → due to interference of two frequencies
• Stationary waves → superposition in opposite direction
• Diffraction → bending of waves
• Interference → superposition
Final Answer:
Doppler effect