Question:
Short-tube vertical evaporators are also known as :
Short-tube vertical evaporators are also known as :
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In Calandria (short-tube) evaporators, natural circulation is driven by density differences, making them prone to scale formation when processing heat-sensitive products like milk.
Updated On: Jul 21, 2026
- Calandria evaporators
- Plate evaporators
- Compression evaporators
- Direct evaporators
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Evaporators are used in the dairy industry to pre-concentrate milk by boiling off water under a vacuum before drying.
They are classified based on their tube configuration and the flow pattern of the liquid.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The short-tube vertical evaporator consists of a vertical shell containing a bundle of short, vertical tubes (typically \(1\) to \(2\) meters long).
This internal tube bundle is heated by steam and is called the calandria.
Milk circulates inside these vertical tubes, while steam surrounds the outside of the tubes within the shell.
Due to differences in density between the boiling liquid inside the tubes and the cooler liquid in the central downcomer, natural circulation is established.
Because the calandria is the core heat-exchange element in this design, short-tube vertical evaporators are commonly known as Calandria evaporators.
They are highly effective for processing low-viscosity liquids and sugar syrups but have largely been replaced by falling-film evaporators for processing milk, which is heat-sensitive.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Short-tube vertical evaporators are also known as Calandria evaporators.
Evaporators are used in the dairy industry to pre-concentrate milk by boiling off water under a vacuum before drying.
They are classified based on their tube configuration and the flow pattern of the liquid.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The short-tube vertical evaporator consists of a vertical shell containing a bundle of short, vertical tubes (typically \(1\) to \(2\) meters long).
This internal tube bundle is heated by steam and is called the calandria.
Milk circulates inside these vertical tubes, while steam surrounds the outside of the tubes within the shell.
Due to differences in density between the boiling liquid inside the tubes and the cooler liquid in the central downcomer, natural circulation is established.
Because the calandria is the core heat-exchange element in this design, short-tube vertical evaporators are commonly known as Calandria evaporators.
They are highly effective for processing low-viscosity liquids and sugar syrups but have largely been replaced by falling-film evaporators for processing milk, which is heat-sensitive.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Short-tube vertical evaporators are also known as Calandria evaporators.
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