Question

Match List-I with List-II
\begin{tabular{ll} List-I (Name of Process) & List-II (Temperature/time)
(A) Pasteurization & (I) \(60\ ^\circ\text{C}\) no hold
(B) Sterilisation & (II) \(55-60\ ^\circ\text{C}\) no hold
(C) Homogenisation & (III) \(72\ ^\circ\text{C}\) 15 sec
(D) Bactofugation & (IV) \(118\ ^\circ\text{C}\) 15min

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
• (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)

Hint:

Always start matching with the most definitive standard values: HTST Pasteurization \(\rightarrow\) \(72\ ^\circ\text{C}\) for \(15\text{ s}\).
In-bottle Sterilization \(\rightarrow\) \(118\ ^\circ\text{C}\) for \(15\text{ min}\). This will help you quickly eliminate incorrect options.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Different processing steps in dairy plants require precise temperature and time combinations to achieve their specific mechanical or biological goals.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us match each dairy process with its typical operating conditions:
- (A) Pasteurization: High-Temperature Short-Time (HTST) pasteurization is standardly performed at \(72\ ^\circ\text{C}\) for 15 seconds (III) to destroy vegetative pathogens.
- (B) Sterilisation: Complete sterilization of bottled milk is typically carried out in autoclaves or retorts at \(118\ ^\circ\text{C}\) for 15 minutes (IV) to destroy all spores.
- (C) Homogenisation: Usually conducted at \(60\ ^\circ\text{C}\) with no hold time (I) as a continuous process, ensuring the milk fat is liquid.
- (D) Bactofugation: This centrifugal process separates bacterial spores and is typically run at \(55-60\ ^\circ\text{C}\) with no hold time (II) to optimize milk viscosity for separation.
This gives the matching sequence: (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II).

Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct matching sequence is (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II), which corresponds to Option (D).