Select the molecule in which all the atoms may lie on a single plane is
- 4-nitrobenzaldehyde
- 4-methoxy benzaldehyde
- 4-methyl nitrobenzene
- 4-nitro acetophenone
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
To determine if all atoms in a molecule lie on the same plane, we need to look for:
- Aromatic ring systems (which are planar due to conjugation)
- Substituents that are sp2 hybridized or conjugated with the ring
Option (A): 4-nitrobenzaldehyde
- Benzene ring: planar
- –NO2: the nitrogen is sp2 hybridized and conjugated with the ring
- –CHO (aldehyde): carbon is sp2 hybridized and also conjugated
- All atoms lie in the same plane → correct
Other options:
- 4-methoxybenzaldehyde: –OCH3 group has an sp3 carbon (methyl), so not all atoms are planar
- 4-methyl nitrobenzene: –CH3 is sp3 → non-planar group
- 4-nitroacetophenone: –COCH3 group has a methyl (sp3) → not completely planar
Correct answer: Option (A): 4-nitrobenzaldehyde
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Concepts Used:
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Such a group of atoms is called a molecule. Obviously, there must be some force that holds these constituent atoms together in the molecules. The attractive force which holds various constituents (atoms, ions, etc.) together in different chemical species is called a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds:
There are 4 types of chemical bonds which are formed by atoms or molecules to yield compounds.
- Ionic Bonds - Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding which involves a transfer of electrons from one atom or molecule to another.
- Covalent Bonds - Compounds that contain carbon commonly exhibit this type of chemical bonding.
- Hydrogen Bonds - It is a type of polar covalent bonding between oxygen and hydrogen wherein the hydrogen develops a partial positive charge
- Polar Bonds - In Polar Covalent chemical bonding, electrons are shared unequally since the more electronegative atom pulls the electron pair closer to itself and away from the less electronegative atom.
Factors Affecting Bond Enthalpy in Chemical Bonding:
- Size of the Atom
- Multiplicity of Bonds
- Number of Lone Pair of Electrons Present
- Bond Angle