Question

Select the correct order of the 'Bhavavikaras' (modifications of being) as described in the Nirukta:
A. Apakshiyate
B. Vardhate
C. Jayate
D. Asti
E. Viparinamate

• A. A, B, C, D, E
• B. A, C, B, D, E
• C. C, D, E, B, A
• D. C, D, E, A, B

Hint:

Memorize the original verse: "jayate asti viparinamate vardhate apakshiyate vinashyati". Remembering the first two (Birth and Existence) and the last two (Decay and Destruction) helps you eliminate wrong sequences quickly.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
In the Nirukta (Chapter 1, Section 2), Yaska quotes an earlier grammarian named Varshayani, who established six 'Shad-bhava-vikarah' or six states/modifications that every entity in the manifest world undergoes. This philosophical framework explains the lifecycle of all 'Bhava' (beings or objects) through the lens of verbs (Akhyata).

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
According to the Nirukta, the six modifications occur in a specific chronological and logical sequence:

1. Jayate (C): To be born or to come into existence. This is the starting point.
2. Asti (D): To exist. Once born, the entity "is."
3. Viparinamate (E): To transform or change. The entity undergoes internal or qualitative changes.
4. Vardhate (B): To grow. The entity increases in size or complexity.
5. Apakshiyate (A): To decay or dwindle. This is the start of the decline.
6. Vinashyati (not listed in A-E): To perish or die. (This is the 6th and final stage).

Mapping the given list:
- 1st: C (Jayate)
- 2nd: D (Asti)
- 3rd: E (Viparinamate)
- 4th: B (Vardhate)
- 5th: A (Apakshiyate)

The sequence C, D, E, B, A matches the traditional list provided by Varshayani in Yaska's Nirukta. This classification is vital for Vedic etymology as it demonstrates that verbs (which denote action/process) are the root of all nouns (which denote entities undergoing these processes). In the NTA NET/SLET syllabus, the 'Shad-bhava-vikarah' of Varshayani is a core topic in the Nirukta section.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct order is C, D, E, B, A. Therefore, option (3) is correct.