Question

Parshall Flume includes the following A. Converging section is downstream with upward slope B. Diverging section is at upstream with downward slope C. The throat section is at middle with downward slope D. The converging section is at upstream with level slope E. The diverging section is at downstream with upward slope Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A, B, C Only
• B. B, C, D Only
• C. C, D, E Only
• D. D, E, A Only

Hint:

Parshall flume sections: \[ \boxed{ \text{Converging section} \rightarrow \text{Upstream + level floor} } \] \[ \boxed{ \text{Throat section} \rightarrow \text{Middle + downward slope} } \] \[ \boxed{ \text{Diverging section} \rightarrow \text{Downstream + upward slope} } \]

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Concept: A Parshall flume is a hydraulic structure used for:
• Flow measurement in open channels
• Irrigation water measurement
• Wastewater discharge measurement It consists of three important sections:
• Converging section
• Throat section
• Diverging section Each section has specific slope characteristics.

Step 1: Understanding the converging section. The converging section:
• Is located at upstream side
• Has a level floor
• Gradually narrows the flow Thus: \[ \boxed{ \text{Converging section is upstream with level slope} } \] Hence: \[ \boxed{ D \text{ is correct} } \]

Step 2: Understanding the throat section. The throat section:
• Is located at the middle
• Has downward slope
• Accelerates the flow Therefore: \[ \boxed{ \text{Throat section is middle with downward slope} } \] Thus: \[ \boxed{ C \text{ is correct} } \]

Step 3: Understanding the diverging section. The diverging section:
• Is located at downstream side
• Has upward slope
• Expands flow area gradually Hence: \[ \boxed{ \text{Diverging section is downstream with upward slope} } \] Thus: \[ \boxed{ E \text{ is correct} } \]

Step 4: Analyzing incorrect statements. Statement A says: \[ \text{Converging section is downstream} \] This is incorrect because converging section is upstream. Hence: \[ \boxed{ A \text{ is incorrect} } \] Statement B says: \[ \text{Diverging section is upstream} \] This is incorrect because diverging section is downstream. Thus: \[ \boxed{ B \text{ is incorrect} } \]

Step 5: Selecting the correct combination. Correct statements are: \[ C,\; D,\; E \] Hence: \[ \boxed{ (C)\ C,\ D,\ E\ Only } \] Final Conclusion: A Parshall flume consists of:
• Upstream converging section with level slope
• Middle throat with downward slope
• Downstream diverging section with upward slope Hence the correct answer is: \[ \boxed{ (C) } \]