Question

Ochratoxin is produced by

• A. A.flavus
• B. A.niger
• C. A.ochraceus
• D. A.ochritis

Hint:

Associate the name of the toxin directly with the producing species: Ochratoxin is produced by Aspergillus ochraceus.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks to identify the specific fungal species responsible for producing Ochratoxin, a significant mycotoxin contaminant in various food commodities.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:

• Ochratoxins: Ochratoxins are a group of toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain filamentous fungi. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is the most prevalent and toxic form, exhibiting nephrotoxic, carcinogenic, immunotoxic, and teratogenic properties.

• Producing Organisms: Ochratoxins are primarily produced by species within two fungal genera: Aspergillus and Penicillium.

• Key Species:

• Aspergillus ochraceus: This is the major species within the genus Aspergillus that produces Ochratoxin, particularly in warm, tropical regions. This matches option (C).

• Penicillium verrucosum: This is the primary producer of Ochratoxin in cool-temperate regions, commonly contaminating cereal grains.

• Commonly Contaminated Foods: Coffee beans, dried fruits (raisins, figs), wine, grape juice, barley, wheat, and spices.

• Other Options:

• Aspergillus flavus: Primarily known for producing aflatoxins, not ochratoxins.

• Aspergillus niger: Can produce ochratoxins in some commodities like grapes, but A. ochraceus is the classic species associated with its discovery and high-level production.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Ochratoxin is synthesized primarily by the mould species Aspergillus ochraceus, corresponding to option (C).