Question

Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
• B. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
• C. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
• D. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

Hint:

Tolman is strongly associated with the concept of the Cognitive Map (III).
Kohler is famous for his work on Insight Learning (I) with chimpanzees.
These two unique connections are often tested in learning theory questions.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question is a matching task that pairs fundamental psychological learning concepts (List I) with their pioneering researchers (List II).

Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Link each concept or apparatus to the correct historical theorist of learning.

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:

• Let us match each concept:

• A. Cognitive Maps: Introduced by Edward C. Tolman to describe the mental representation of physical spatial layouts constructed during latent learning in rats. Thus, A matches III.

• B. Insight Learning: Formulated by Gestalt theorist Wolfgang Kohler through his problem-solving studies with chimpanzees. Thus, B matches I.

• C. Puzzle Box: Designed by Edward L. Thorndike to study trial-and-error learning in cats, leading to the "Law of Effect." Thus, C matches IV.

• D. Classical Conditioning: Discovered by Ivan Pavlov through his experiments on stimulus association in dogs. Thus, D matches II.

• Combining these matches yields: A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II.

Step 4: Final Answer:
This sequence corresponds to Option (D).