Question

Match List-I with List-II. 

List-I (Process)	List-II (Application)
(A) Ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis	(I) Skim milk
(B) Ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis	(II) Cheese whey
(C) Ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis	(III) Butter milk
(D) Ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis	(IV) Ghee residue

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

• (A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
• (A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)

Hint:

In dairy processing, the two largest industrial applications of membrane filtration are the protein concentration of Skim Milk (using UF) and the recovery of Whey Protein Concentrate from Cheese Whey (using UF/RO).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Membrane separation technologies, such as Ultrafiltration (UF) and Reverse Osmosis (RO), are low-temperature physical separation methods used to concentrate and fractionate dairy streams.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
In modern dairy processing, UF and RO are applied to various streams:
- (A) Skim milk (I): Ultrafiltration is used to concentrate milk proteins for standardization in cheese-making.
- (B) Cheese whey (II): Ultrafiltration is used to recover valuable whey protein concentrates (WPC), while RO is used to concentrate the permeating lactose.
- (C) Ghee residue (IV) and (D) Butter milk (III): Membrane technologies help recover valuable lipids (such as milk fat globule membrane fractions) and proteins from these by-products.
This matches the typical process-to-application sequence of (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III).

Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct matching sequence is Option 2: (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III).