Question

Match List - I with List - II.

List - I		List-II
(a)	Adaptive radiation	(i)	Selection of resistant varieties due to excessive use of herbicides and pesticides
(b)	Convergent evolution	(ii)	Bones of forelimbs in Man and Whale
(c)	Divergent evolution	(iii)	Wings of Butterfly and Bird
(d)	Evolution by anthropogenic action	(iv)	Darwin Finches

List - I List - II Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

• A. (i) (iv) (iii) (ii)
• B. (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
• C. (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
• D. (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

To solve this matching problem, we need to understand the concepts related to evolutionary biology.

1. Adaptive Radiation refers to the process by which a single ancestral species rapidly diversifies into a variety of forms that adapt to different environments. A classic example is the Darwin Finches (iv), which evolved different beak shapes to exploit different food sources on the Galápagos Islands.
2. Convergent Evolution occurs when unrelated species evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures. The case of the wings of Butterfly and Bird (iii) is an example, where both have developed wings independently for flight but are not from a common ancestor that had wings.
3. Divergent Evolution involves related species evolving different traits because of different environments. The bones of forelimbs in Man and Whale (ii) represent this, where they have evolved differently to suit their environments and lifestyles, despite originating from a common ancestor.
4. Evolution by Anthropogenic Action involves changes in species driven by human activities. The Selection of resistant varieties due to excessive use of herbicides and pesticides (i) exemplifies this, where species adapt to survive human-induced environmental changes.

Thus, the correct matching is:

• (a) Adaptive radiation - (iv) Darwin Finches
• (b) Convergent evolution - (iii) Wings of Butterfly and Bird
• (c) Divergent evolution - (ii) Bones of forelimbs in Man and Whale
• (d) Evolution by anthropogenic action - (i) Selection of resistant varieties due to excessive use of herbicides and pesticides

Therefore, the correct option is: (iv) (iii) (ii) (i).