Question

Match List - I with List - II.

List - I (Disaster Losses and Gains)	List - II (Example)
A. Direct Loss B. Indirect Loss C. Direct Gain D. Indirect Gain	I. Tourism potential (e.g. Volcanic site) II. Physical damage to property III. Reconstruction grant IV. Loss of Business

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
• B. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
• C. A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
• D. A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III

Hint:

Direct = Physical/Visible. Indirect = Systemic/Time-lagged. Loss = Value gone. Gain = Value added.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Concept: Disasters result in complex economic outcomes. While most impacts are negative (losses), certain sectors or activities may experience relative gains due to the event or the recovery process.

Step 1: Matching Losses and Gains to Examples.

• A. Direct Loss: Immediate, visible physical impacts. Physical damage to property (A-II) like houses, roads, or bridges is a primary direct loss.
• B. Indirect Loss: Secondary economic consequences that occur over time. Loss of Business (B-IV) due to disrupted supply chains or closed markets is an indirect loss.
• C. Direct Gain: Immediate financial or material influx. A Reconstruction grant (C-III) provided for rebuilding is a direct gain for the local construction sector.
• D. Indirect Gain: Long-term positive externalities. A disaster site can later become a Tourism potential (D-I) (e.g., a volcanic site or a memorial), bringing in revenue later.

Step 2: Conclusion.
The correct match is A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I.