Question

Match List-I with List-II:
\begin{tabular{ll} List-I (Laws of thermodynamics) & List-II (Attributes/Properties/Relationship)
(A) Zeroth law of thermodynamics & (I) Internal Energy
(B) First law of thermodynamics & (II) Temperature
(C) Second law of thermodynamics & (III) Absolute zero temperature
(D) Third law of thermodynamics & (IV) Entropy

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• (A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
• (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (II), (D) - (I)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (IV), (B) - (I), (C) - (III), (D) - (II)

Hint:

To remember the thermodynamic laws:
- Zeroth Law \( \rightarrow \) Temperature
- First Law \( \rightarrow \) Energy Conservation (Internal Energy)
- Second Law \( \rightarrow \) Entropy
- Third Law \( \rightarrow \) Absolute Zero

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The four laws of thermodynamics establish the fundamental physical quantities (temperature, internal energy, and entropy) that characterize thermodynamic systems in equilibrium.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us correlate each law of thermodynamics with its primary defined attribute:
- (A) Zeroth law of thermodynamics: This law states that if two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. This law provides the basis for the definition and measurement of Temperature.
Thus, (A) matches with (II).
- (B) First law of thermodynamics: This is the law of conservation of energy, which introduces the state function known as Internal Energy (\( dU = dQ - dW \)).
Thus, (B) matches with (I).
- (C) Second law of thermodynamics: This law introduces the concept of Entropy (\( dS = dQ_{\text{rev}}/T \)) and defines the direction of spontaneous processes.
Thus, (C) matches with (IV).
- (D) Third law of thermodynamics: This law states that the entropy of a pure crystalline substance approaches zero as the temperature approaches Absolute zero temperature (\( 0\text{ K} \)).
Thus, (D) matches with (III).
This gives the match: (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III).

Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct matching sequence corresponds to option 1.