Question:

Land leveling is not essential for {

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Gravity methods (Flood, Furrow, Border) need flat ground. Pressurized methods (Sprinkler, Drip) can handle hills.
  • Flood irrigation
  • Furrow irrigation
  • Border irrigation
  • Sprinkler irrigation
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation


Step 1: Concept

Surface irrigation methods rely on gravity to distribute water across the field.

Step 2: Meaning

If the land is not level, water will collect in low spots and leave high spots dry, leading to poor efficiency.

Step 3: Analysis

Sprinkler irrigation delivers water through pressurized pipes and nozzles, essentially "raining" on the crop from above. Because water is applied from the air, the slope of the ground does not prevent water from reaching all parts of the field.

Step 4: Conclusion

Thus, precision land leveling is not a requirement for sprinkler systems.
Final Answer: (D)
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