Question

Intermittent heating is adopted in

• A. Vacreation
• B. Tyndallization
• C. Thermization
• D. Stassanization

Hint:

Thermal Processing Terminology:
Intermittent Fractional Heating = TYNDALLIZATION (3 days at 100$^\circ\text{C}$).
Vacuum Deodorization of Cream = VACREATION.
Mild Pre-heating ($63-65^\circ\text{C}$) = THERMIZATION.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Principles of thermal sterilization: Tyndallization (fractional sterilization, John Tyndall 1877) uses discontinuous intermittent steam heating ($100^\circ ext{C}$ for 30 min on 3 successive days with intervening incubation) to destroy heat-resistant bacterial endospores.
Key Formula or Approach:
\[ \text{Day 1: Heat } 100^\circ\text{C} \text{ (Kills Vegetative Cells)} \xrightarrow{\text{Incubate } 37^\circ\text{C}} \text{Spores Germinate} \xrightarrow{\text{Day 2 \& 3: Heat } 100^\circ\text{C}} \text{Complete Sterility} \]

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
In thermal processing and sterilization methods:
1. Tyndallization (Fractional Sterilization Intermittent Sterilization) (B): Devised by physicist John Tyndall; involves heating media or food at $100^\circ ext{C$ for 30 to 45 minutes on three consecutive days with intervening incubation at room/body temperature ($30^\circ - 37^\circ ext{C}$)}. The first heating destroys all vegetative bacterial cells; during overnight incubation, dormant heat-activated bacterial endospores germinate into vulnerable vegetative cells, which are completely eradicated by subsequent heat cycles, achieving complete sterilization without autoclaving pressure.
2. Vacreation: Vacuum pasteurization and deodorization of cream.
3. Thermization: Sub-pasteurization heating ($63^\circ - 65^\circ ext{C}$ for 15 s) of raw milk to suppress psychrotrophs.
4. Stassanization: Tubular film heating without agitation.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Thus, intermittent heating is adopted in Tyndallization, corresponding to option (B).