Step 1: Concept
Seed rate is the amount of seed sown per unit area, typically expressed in kg per hectare (ha).
Step 2: Meaning
1 hectare = 10,000 $m^{2}$. We need to scale the sample measurement to this standard area.
Step 3: Analysis
Area = 10 $m^{2}$; Seed = 40 g. For 1 $m^{2}$, seed = 4 g. For 10,000 $m^{2}$ (1 ha), seed = 40,000 g.
Step 4: Conclusion
40,000 g = $40~kg$. Thus, the rate is $40~kg/ha$.
Final Answer: (A)