Question

Immobilization of enzymes:
A. increases the specificity of the enzyme in batch reaction
B. leads to an increase in the apparent $K_{m}$
C. makes it unsuitable for its use in a continuous reactor system
D. decrease the operational cost of the industrial process

• A. B and D Only
• B. A and D Only
• C. A and C Only
• D. C and D Only

Hint:

Immobilization = Reusability (lower cost) + Diffusion barriers (higher apparent $K_{m}$).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Concept
Enzyme immobilization involves attaching an enzyme to an inert, insoluble material to allow it to be reused.

Step 2: Meaning
"Apparent $K_{m}$" refers to the $K_{m}$ measured when diffusion or steric hindrance affects the enzyme's accessibility.

Step 3: Analysis
- Statement B: Immobilization often limits the diffusion of substrate to the enzyme, requiring a higher bulk concentration to reach half-maximal velocity. This increases the apparent $K_{m}$. - Statement D: Because immobilized enzymes can be recovered and reused multiple times, they significantly lower the total cost of the biocatalytic process. Immobilized enzymes are *ideal* for continuous reactors, making C false.

Step 4: Conclusion
Statements B and D represent the kinetic changes and economic benefits of immobilization. Final Answer: (A)