Question

Identify the technique used to know binding nature of nanomaterials?

• A. SEM
• B. TEM
• C. XRD
• D. FTIR

Hint:

Technique Matching Guide:
Surface/Shape = SEM
Internal Size/Structure = TEM
Crystal Lattice = XRD
Chemical Bonds/Functional Groups = FTIR

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
We must identify which specific analytical technique from the given list is designed to determine the chemical "binding nature" (types of chemical bonds and functional groups) within nanomaterials.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let's review the fundamental applications of the standard instrumental techniques used in materials science:
(a) SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy): Bounces electrons off the surface of a sample to provide high-resolution 3D-like topographical images of the surface morphology and particle shape.
(b) TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy): Shoots electrons through an ultra-thin sample to study internal structure, precise size, and crystallization details at the atomic level.
(c) XRD (X-Ray Diffraction): Scatters X-rays off the crystal lattice planes to determine the specific crystal structure, lattice parameters, and phase composition of the material.
(d) FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy): Absorbs infrared light at specific frequencies corresponding exactly to the vibrational frequencies of chemical bonds. By analyzing these absorption peaks, chemists can identify specific functional groups, chemical structures, and the exact binding nature (such as covalent, hydrogen bonding, or coordination) of the molecules forming or capping the nanomaterial.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The technique used is FTIR, matching option (d).