Concept:
The artwork shown is the famous {Maestà by Duccio di Buoninsegna, one of the greatest painters of the Sienese School of Italian medieval art. Completed in 1311, it depicts the Virgin Mary enthroned with the Christ Child, surrounded by angels and saints.
The monumental altarpiece was originally created for the High Altar of Siena Cathedral (Duomo di Siena) in Italy and is one of the masterpieces of medieval European painting.
Step 1: Identify the artwork.
The image represents Duccio's celebrated altarpiece:
\[
\boxed{\textit{Maestà} \Longrightarrow \text{Duccio di Buoninsegna}}
\]
Step 2: Recall its original location.
The Maestà was commissioned for and installed in the
\[
\boxed{\text{Siena Cathedral}}
\]
Step 3: Examine the given options.
• Antwerp Cathedral -- Not associated with Duccio's Maestà.
• Saint Bavon Cathedral -- Famous for the Ghent Altarpiece by the Van Eyck brothers.
• Florence Cathedral -- Associated with Florentine Renaissance art, not this work.
• Siena Cathedral -- Correct; the original location of Duccio's Maestà.
Hence,
\[
\boxed{\text{(D) Siena Cathedral}}
\]