Question:
Halphen's test is used to detect the presence of which adulterant in ghee?
Halphen's test is used to detect the presence of which adulterant in ghee?
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Halphen's test is specific for the cyclopropenoid ring structures found in cottonseed oil, producing a characteristic cherry-red color upon heating with sulfur reagent.
Updated On: Aug 5, 2026
- Cotton seed oil
- Sesame oil
- Tallow
- Coconut oil
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Adulteration of milk fat (ghee) with cheaper vegetable oils or animal fats is a persistent quality issue.
Detecting these adulterants requires specific chemical tests that react with unique components of the adulterating oil.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Halphen's test is a colorimetric assay used to detect the presence of cottonseed oil in fats.
Cottonseed oil contains characteristic cyclopropenoid fatty acids, such as malvalic acid and sterculic acid.
When a fat sample containing cottonseed oil is heated with a reagent containing sulfur dissolved in carbon disulfide and amyl alcohol, these cyclopropenoid fatty acids react with sulfur to form a cherry-red compound.
Pure ghee does not contain cyclopropenoid fatty acids and produces a negative (no color) result.
Regarding the other options:
Sesame oil is detected using Baudouin's test, which reacts with sesamolin in the presence of hydrochloric acid and furfural to produce a crimson-rose color.
Tallow (animal body fat) is typically detected through fatty acid profiling or phytosterol analysis.
Coconut oil adulteration is assessed by measuring the Reichert-Meissl (RM) and Polenske values.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Therefore, Halphen's test is used to detect the presence of cottonseed oil in ghee.
Adulteration of milk fat (ghee) with cheaper vegetable oils or animal fats is a persistent quality issue.
Detecting these adulterants requires specific chemical tests that react with unique components of the adulterating oil.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Halphen's test is a colorimetric assay used to detect the presence of cottonseed oil in fats.
Cottonseed oil contains characteristic cyclopropenoid fatty acids, such as malvalic acid and sterculic acid.
When a fat sample containing cottonseed oil is heated with a reagent containing sulfur dissolved in carbon disulfide and amyl alcohol, these cyclopropenoid fatty acids react with sulfur to form a cherry-red compound.
Pure ghee does not contain cyclopropenoid fatty acids and produces a negative (no color) result.
Regarding the other options:
Sesame oil is detected using Baudouin's test, which reacts with sesamolin in the presence of hydrochloric acid and furfural to produce a crimson-rose color.
Tallow (animal body fat) is typically detected through fatty acid profiling or phytosterol analysis.
Coconut oil adulteration is assessed by measuring the Reichert-Meissl (RM) and Polenske values.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Therefore, Halphen's test is used to detect the presence of cottonseed oil in ghee.
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