Question

Given below are two statements :
Statement (I): Viral genome is protected by protein shell known as capsid.
Statement (II): Viruses can be used as vectors to transfer foreign gene into plants.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

• A. Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true.
• B. Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false.
• C. Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false.
• D. Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true.

Hint:

Using plant viral vectors for transient gene expression is called 'plant molecular farming', which is used to produce pharmaceutical proteins, vaccines, and antibodies quickly in plant leaves.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites composed of genetic material surrounded by a protective protein coat.
In biotechnology, their natural ability to infect cells and insert genetic material can be used to deliver foreign genes into host genomes.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze both statements:
- Statement (I): The viral genome (which can be single- or double-stranded DNA or RNA) is enclosed and protected by a protein shell called a capsid.
This capsid is composed of protein subunits called capsomeres, which are arranged in helical or polyhedral geometries.
Thus, Statement (I) is true.
- Statement (II): Plant viruses can be genetically engineered to act as expression vectors to deliver foreign genes into plant cells.
Examples include Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) and Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV).
These engineered viral vectors allow for rapid, high-yield transient expression of recombinant proteins in plant tissues.
Thus, Statement (II) is true.
Consequently, both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true, corresponding to option (A).