Question

Given below are two statements
Statement I: Strong, deep and wide‐spreading root system with dense, numerous fibrous roots is necessary for trees selected to restore landslide areas.
Statement II: One of the methods to stabilize sand dunes is to lay micro‐wind breaks on the dune slopes as parallel strips across the direction of the wind.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below

• A. Statement I is false but Statement II is true
• B. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
• C. Statement I is true but Statement II is false
• D. Both Statement I and Statement II are true

Hint:

For landslides: Think "Anchoring and Binding."
For sand dunes: Think "Breaking wind speed at the surface."
Both Statement I and II represent standard engineering-cum-biological solutions.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks to evaluate two technical principles related to soil conservation and ecological restoration using trees and physical barriers.
Detailed Explanation:

• Statement I analysis: Landslides occur when soil layers slip. To prevent this, trees must act as "biological anchors." A strong, deep taproot penetrates stable sub-soil layers, while a wide-spreading fibrous root system binds the loose topsoil together, increasing its shear strength. This is a fundamental rule in selecting species for slope stabilization (e.g., Alnus nepalensis). Therefore, Statement I is true.

• Statement II analysis: Sand dune stabilization involves stopping sand movement long enough for vegetation to establish. "Micro-windbreaks" or "checkerboard" barriers (made of brushwood, mulch, or plastic) are laid in strips perpendicular (across) to the wind direction. This breaks the wind speed at the surface, reducing saltation (sand jumping). These are often called "sand fences." Therefore, Statement II is true.

Step 2: Final Answer:
Both statements are scientifically accurate descriptions of conservation techniques.