Question:
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : Phagocytosis is a cellular process for ingesting and eliminating particles, including foreign substances, microorganisms, and apoptotic cells.
Statement (II) : The process of phagocytosis involves several sequential steps, namely, Particle recognition, Particle ingestion, Phagosome formation, Phagolysosome formation and digestion
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : Phagocytosis is a cellular process for ingesting and eliminating particles, including foreign substances, microorganisms, and apoptotic cells.
Statement (II) : The process of phagocytosis involves several sequential steps, namely, Particle recognition, Particle ingestion, Phagosome formation, Phagolysosome formation and digestion
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Statement (I) : Phagocytosis is a cellular process for ingesting and eliminating particles, including foreign substances, microorganisms, and apoptotic cells.
Statement (II) : The process of phagocytosis involves several sequential steps, namely, Particle recognition, Particle ingestion, Phagosome formation, Phagolysosome formation and digestion
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Show Hint
Remember the phagocytosis pathway sequence:
Recognize \(\rightarrow\) Ingest \(\rightarrow\) Phagosome \(\rightarrow\) Phagolysosome \(\rightarrow\) Digestion.
This orderly progression ensures that toxic lysosomal enzymes are only released within the closed vesicle, preventing damage to the host cell.
Recognize \(\rightarrow\) Ingest \(\rightarrow\) Phagosome \(\rightarrow\) Phagolysosome \(\rightarrow\) Digestion.
This orderly progression ensures that toxic lysosomal enzymes are only released within the closed vesicle, preventing damage to the host cell.
Updated On: Jul 23, 2026
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false
- Statement (I) is true and Statement (II) is false
- Statement (I) is false and Statement (II) is true
Show Solution
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Phagocytosis is a key process of the innate immune system.
Specialized immune cells, primarily macrophages and neutrophils (phagocytes), engulf, neutralize, and clear foreign particles, pathogens, and cellular debris.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze both statements.
Statement (I) states that phagocytosis is a cellular process for ingesting and eliminating particles, including foreign substances, microorganisms, and apoptotic cells.
This is a correct definition.
Phagocytosis is an active, receptor-mediated endocytic process. It is used to clear invading pathogens, non-self organic particles, and apoptotic or senescent host cells to maintain tissue homeostasis.
Statement (II) describes the sequential steps of phagocytosis: Particle recognition, Particle ingestion, Phagosome formation, Phagolysosome formation, and digestion.
This is also correct.
The process occurs in a strict physiological sequence:
1. Particle recognition: Phagocytes recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs/PAMPs) directly or via opsonins (IgG or C3b) coating the target.
2. Particle ingestion: The binding triggers pseudopod extension and membrane remodeling around the particle.
3. Phagosome formation: The pseudopods fuse, enclosing the particle within an intracellular membrane-bound vesicle called a phagosome.
4. Phagolysosome formation: The phagosome fuses with acidic, enzyme-rich lysosomes to form a phagolysosome.
5. Digestion: Highly reactive oxygen species (via respiratory burst) and lysosomal hydrolases degrade the engulfed material.
Since both statements are accurate, Statement (I) and Statement (II) are both true.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct option is (A).
Phagocytosis is a key process of the innate immune system.
Specialized immune cells, primarily macrophages and neutrophils (phagocytes), engulf, neutralize, and clear foreign particles, pathogens, and cellular debris.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze both statements.
Statement (I) states that phagocytosis is a cellular process for ingesting and eliminating particles, including foreign substances, microorganisms, and apoptotic cells.
This is a correct definition.
Phagocytosis is an active, receptor-mediated endocytic process. It is used to clear invading pathogens, non-self organic particles, and apoptotic or senescent host cells to maintain tissue homeostasis.
Statement (II) describes the sequential steps of phagocytosis: Particle recognition, Particle ingestion, Phagosome formation, Phagolysosome formation, and digestion.
This is also correct.
The process occurs in a strict physiological sequence:
1. Particle recognition: Phagocytes recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs/PAMPs) directly or via opsonins (IgG or C3b) coating the target.
2. Particle ingestion: The binding triggers pseudopod extension and membrane remodeling around the particle.
3. Phagosome formation: The pseudopods fuse, enclosing the particle within an intracellular membrane-bound vesicle called a phagosome.
4. Phagolysosome formation: The phagosome fuses with acidic, enzyme-rich lysosomes to form a phagolysosome.
5. Digestion: Highly reactive oxygen species (via respiratory burst) and lysosomal hydrolases degrade the engulfed material.
Since both statements are accurate, Statement (I) and Statement (II) are both true.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct option is (A).
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