Question:
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A: For moisture estimation by air oven method, fine/coarse grinding of seeds, instead of using whole seeds, is obligatory in some species
Reason R: Bigger-sized seeds fail to completely expel all the moisture from the inner tissues during drying, hence grinding become necessary.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A: For moisture estimation by air oven method, fine/coarse grinding of seeds, instead of using whole seeds, is obligatory in some species
Reason R: Bigger-sized seeds fail to completely expel all the moisture from the inner tissues during drying, hence grinding become necessary.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Assertion A: For moisture estimation by air oven method, fine/coarse grinding of seeds, instead of using whole seeds, is obligatory in some species
Reason R: Bigger-sized seeds fail to completely expel all the moisture from the inner tissues during drying, hence grinding become necessary.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Show Hint
Grinding is mandatory for seeds of cereals (wheat, paddy, barley, maize, sorghum) and cotton because their large size and hard endosperm/seed coat lock moisture deep inside.
Updated On: Aug 13, 2026
- Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
- A is true but R is false.
- A is false but R is true.
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Verified By Collegedunia
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Seed moisture estimation using the air-oven method relies on heating the seed sample to evaporate and expel water.
For accurate results, all the moisture locked within the internal seed tissues must be completely released during the specified heating period.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze the biological and physical basis of both statements:
Assertion A: According to ISTA rules, grinding (either fine or coarse) is obligatory for certain plant species before they are placed in the drying oven.
Examples of crops requiring obligatory grinding include large-seeded and hard-seeded species such as Zea mays (maize), Triticum aestivum (wheat), Oryza sativa (rice), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), and Gossypium spp. (cotton).
Thus, Assertion A is true.
Reason R: In large, hard, or starchy seeds, the moisture located deep within the internal tissues has a long diffusion path to reach the surface.
If whole seeds are used, the specified drying time is insufficient to completely expel this internal moisture, leading to an underestimation of the total moisture content.
Grinding the seeds breaks down the rigid structure and drastically increases the surface area-to-volume ratio, facilitating rapid and complete moisture loss.
Thus, Reason R is true and represents the exact physical explanation for why grinding is made obligatory.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Therefore, the correct option is (A).
Seed moisture estimation using the air-oven method relies on heating the seed sample to evaporate and expel water.
For accurate results, all the moisture locked within the internal seed tissues must be completely released during the specified heating period.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze the biological and physical basis of both statements:
Assertion A: According to ISTA rules, grinding (either fine or coarse) is obligatory for certain plant species before they are placed in the drying oven.
Examples of crops requiring obligatory grinding include large-seeded and hard-seeded species such as Zea mays (maize), Triticum aestivum (wheat), Oryza sativa (rice), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), and Gossypium spp. (cotton).
Thus, Assertion A is true.
Reason R: In large, hard, or starchy seeds, the moisture located deep within the internal tissues has a long diffusion path to reach the surface.
If whole seeds are used, the specified drying time is insufficient to completely expel this internal moisture, leading to an underestimation of the total moisture content.
Grinding the seeds breaks down the rigid structure and drastically increases the surface area-to-volume ratio, facilitating rapid and complete moisture loss.
Thus, Reason R is true and represents the exact physical explanation for why grinding is made obligatory.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Therefore, the correct option is (A).
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