Question

Match List-I with List-II

List-I: Seed type & List-II: Examples
(A). Orthodox seed & (I). Coffee
(B). Recalcitrant seed & (II). Chickpea
(C). Impermeable seed coat & (III). Capsicum
(D). Hypogeal germination & (IV). Soybean (wild type)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• (A) - (II), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (III)
• (A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)
• (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)
• (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (II), (D) - (IV)

Hint:

To remember germination types:
- Hypogeal = Cotyledons remain underground (e.g., Pea, Chickpea, Maize).
- Epigeal = Cotyledons are pushed aboveground (e.g., Castor, French bean, Onion).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Seeds can be classified by their physiological behavior during storage, structural modifications of the seed coat, and their pattern of seedling emergence during germination.

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Let us match each seed characteristic with its corresponding plant example:
- (A). Orthodox seed: Orthodox seeds can tolerate significant drying (desiccation) and cold storage temperatures.
Capsicum (chilli/pepper) seeds are classic orthodox seeds, matching (III).
- (B). Recalcitrant seed: Recalcitrant (and intermediate) seeds are damaged by desiccation and freezing temperatures.
Coffee (Coffea species) seeds show intermediate to recalcitrant behavior and are sensitive to standard low-temperature storage, matching (I).
- (C). Impermeable seed coat: Wild species often retain wild-type traits that have been bred out of cultivated crops.
Wild soybean (Glycine soja) seeds have hard, impermeable seed coats that prevent water absorption, ensuring the seed remains dormant until environmental conditions are optimal, matching (IV).
- (D). Hypogeal germination: In hypogeal germination, the epicotyl elongates, leaving the cotyledons below the soil surface.
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is a classic example of a crop with hypogeal germination, matching (II).
This gives the matching: (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II).

Step 4: Final Answer:
The correct match is Option (C).