Question

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). Assertion (A): Deadlocks occur in a multi programming environment when each thread in a set is waiting for an event that can be caused only by another thread in the same set. Reason (R): A thread must always request a resource before using it and release it after using it. If requested resources are not available, the thread enters a waiting state until the resources become free. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

• A. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
• B. Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
• C. (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
• D. (A) is not correct but (R) is correct

Hint:

Deadlock occurs due to circular wait among processes competing for limited resources.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Concept: Deadlock is a situation where a set of processes are blocked because each process is waiting for a resource held by another.

Step 1: Analyze Assertion (A).
• Describes circular waiting
• This is the definition of deadlock \[ \Rightarrow \text{Assertion is correct} \]

Step 2: Analyze Reason (R).
• Resource allocation rules:
• Request → Use → Release
• If unavailable → wait \[ \Rightarrow \text{Reason is correct} \]

Step 3: Check explanation link.
• Waiting for unavailable resources leads to circular wait
• Circular wait leads to deadlock Thus, reason explains how deadlock occurs.

Step 4: Conclusion. \[ \boxed{(1)} \]