Question

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R Assertion A: Polygraph examination, also known as lie detection, is a psycho-physiological mode of the detection of deception in crime investigation process.
Reason R: Polygraph examination does not require the consent of the subject being investigated. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

• A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
• B. Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
• C. A is correct but R is not correct.
• D. A is not correct but R is correct.

Hint:

Polygraph, Narco-analysis, and Brain Mapping tests require voluntary consent of the accused in India.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Concept:

• A polygraph records physiological indicators (blood pressure, pulse, respiration) while a person answers questions.
• The use of such tests in India is governed by constitutional rights against self-incrimination.

Step 1: Evaluate Assertion A
A polygraph is indeed a psycho-physiological tool. It measures the "psychological" stress of lying through "physiological" changes in the body. Assertion A is correct.

Step 2: Evaluate Reason R
In the landmark case Selvi v. State of Karnataka (2010), the Supreme Court of India ruled that involuntary administration of polygraph, narco-analysis, and BEAP violates Article 20(3) (right against self-incrimination). Therefore, the consent of the subject is mandatory. Reason R is incorrect.

Step 3: Conclusion
Since A is true and R is false, option (C) is the correct choice.