Question

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Selection is more effective for traits with high heritability.
Reason (R) : Environment factors contribute less to phenotypic variance in highly heritable traits. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

• A. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• B. Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
• C. (A) is correct but (R) is incorrect.
• D. (A) is incorrect but (R) is correct.

Hint:

High heritability → Better selection response → Faster genetic improvement

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Concept:
Heritability measures the proportion of phenotypic variation that is due to genetic factors. It plays a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of selection in breeding programs.

Step 1: Understanding Heritability

• Heritability ($h^2$) ranges from 0 to 1.
• High heritability → traits largely controlled by genetic factors.
• Low heritability → traits largely influenced by environment.

Step 2: Analysis of Assertion (A)

• Selection works by choosing individuals with desirable genes.
• If trait is highly heritable, selected traits are reliably passed to offspring. Thus, Assertion is correct.

Step 3: Analysis of Reason (R)

• High heritability implies minimal environmental influence.
• Therefore, phenotypic variation reflects genetic differences more accurately. Thus, Reason is correct.

Step 4: Logical Connection

• Because environmental effects are low, selection becomes more efficient.
• Hence, Reason correctly explains Assertion. Final Conclusion: \[ \boxed{\text{Option (A)}} \]