Question

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) India is a union of states.
Reason (R): The Constitution of India provides for a federal structure with unitary features.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

• A. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
• B. Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
• C. (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
• D. (A) is not correct but (R) is correct

Hint:

India is a "Union" because the Centre is stronger than the States. This is why we have a Federal system with a Unitary soul.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Concept: Article 1 of the Indian Constitution describes India as a "Union of States." This phrasing was deliberate and reflects the unique nature of Indian federalism.

Step 1: Evaluating Assertion (A).
Assertion (A) is correct. The term "Union" was used by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar to emphasize two things: first, that the Indian federation was not the result of an agreement by the states (like the USA); and second, that the states have no right to secede from the federation.

Step 2: Evaluating Reason (R).
Reason (R) is correct. India is often described as "Quasi-federal" or a "Federal structure with a unitary bias." It has federal features (dual government, division of powers, written constitution) but also strong unitary features (All India Services, Governor's appointment by the Centre, Emergency provisions).

Step 3: Analyzing the Explanation.
Reason (R) correctly explains Assertion (A). The reason India is described as a "Union" (rather than a loose Federation) is precisely because of these unitary features that ensure national integrity and central authority over the constituent units. The unitary features provide the "glue" that makes the federal structure a "Union."