Question:
For which of the following \(+3\) oxidation state is highly oxidizing in character?
For which of the following \(+3\) oxidation state is highly oxidizing in character?
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Due to the inert pair effect, the stability of the \(+1\) oxidation state increases down Group 13. Hence \(Tl^{3+}\) readily reduces to \(Tl^+\) and acts as a strong oxidizing agent.
Updated On: Jun 18, 2026
- Al
- Ga
- In
- Tl
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Recall the inert pair effect.
In Group 13, the stability of the \(+1\) oxidation state increases down the group due to the inert pair effect.
The \(ns^2\) electrons become increasingly reluctant to participate in bonding as we move from Al to Tl.
Step 2: Compare the stability of oxidation states.
For aluminium and gallium, the \(+3\) oxidation state is highly stable.
For indium, both \(+1\) and \(+3\) oxidation states are possible.
For thallium, the \(+1\) oxidation state is much more stable than the \(+3\) oxidation state.
Step 3: Determine the oxidizing character.
Since \(Tl^{3+}\) tends to gain two electrons and convert into the more stable \(Tl^+\) state, \[ Tl^{3+}+2e^- \rightarrow Tl^+ \] it behaves as a strong oxidizing agent.
Therefore, the \(+3\) oxidation state of thallium is highly oxidizing in nature.
Step 4: Final conclusion.
Hence, \[ \boxed{\text{Tl}} \] Therefore, the correct option is (4).
In Group 13, the stability of the \(+1\) oxidation state increases down the group due to the inert pair effect.
The \(ns^2\) electrons become increasingly reluctant to participate in bonding as we move from Al to Tl.
Step 2: Compare the stability of oxidation states.
For aluminium and gallium, the \(+3\) oxidation state is highly stable.
For indium, both \(+1\) and \(+3\) oxidation states are possible.
For thallium, the \(+1\) oxidation state is much more stable than the \(+3\) oxidation state.
Step 3: Determine the oxidizing character.
Since \(Tl^{3+}\) tends to gain two electrons and convert into the more stable \(Tl^+\) state, \[ Tl^{3+}+2e^- \rightarrow Tl^+ \] it behaves as a strong oxidizing agent.
Therefore, the \(+3\) oxidation state of thallium is highly oxidizing in nature.
Step 4: Final conclusion.
Hence, \[ \boxed{\text{Tl}} \] Therefore, the correct option is (4).
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