Question

During asexual reproduction, gemmule formation occurs in:

• A. Yeast
• B. Spirogyra
• C. Sponges
• D. Amoeba

Hint:

{Exam Shortcut:}

• {Yeast} → Budding
• {Spirogyra} → Fragmentation
• {Amoeba} → Binary fission
• {Sponges} → Gemmule formation

Associating each organism with its typical reproductive method helps solve MCQs quickly.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Concept:
Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction in which new individuals are produced from a single parent without the involvement of gametes. Many simple organisms use specialized structures for survival and reproduction. In sponges (Phylum Porifera), asexual reproduction commonly occurs through the formation of gemmules. A gemmule is a resistant internal bud composed of:

• A mass of undifferentiated cells called archaeocytes
• Surrounded by a protective covering of spicules and sponge fibers

Gemmules help sponges survive unfavorable environmental conditions such as extreme cold, drought, or lack of nutrients. When favorable conditions return, the gemmule germinates and develops into a new sponge.
Step 1: Understanding gemmule formation.
Gemmules act as dormant reproductive structures that ensure survival and propagation during adverse environmental conditions.
Step 2: Identifying organisms that form gemmules.
Gemmule formation is characteristic of freshwater sponges such as Spongilla.
Step 3: Eliminating incorrect options.

• (A) Yeast $\rightarrow$ Reproduces by budding
• (B) Spirogyra $\rightarrow$ Reproduces by fragmentation
• (C) Sponges $\rightarrow$ Reproduce asexually by gemmules (Correct)
• (D) Amoeba $\rightarrow$ Reproduces by binary fission

Final Answer: \(\boxed{\text{Sponges}}\)