Question:
Diffuser is a part of which of the following types of pump ?
Diffuser is a part of which of the following types of pump ?
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A diffuser converts kinetic energy (velocity head) into static pressure energy.
While simple pumps use a spiral-shaped volute casing, high-pressure and multi-stage pumps use diffusers to optimize energy conversion.
While simple pumps use a spiral-shaped volute casing, high-pressure and multi-stage pumps use diffusers to optimize energy conversion.
Updated On: Jul 21, 2026
- Piston pump
- Centrifugal pump
- Screw pump
- Gear pump
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Centrifugal pumps operate by converting kinetic energy from a rotating impeller into static pressure head.
This energy conversion must be performed efficiently within the pump casing to minimize turbulence and energy losses.
Detailed Explanation:
When liquid enters the eye of a centrifugal pump's impeller, the rotating vanes accelerate the fluid, throwing it outward at high velocity.
As the fluid exits the impeller perimeter, it possesses high kinetic energy but low static pressure.
To make this fluid useful for transport, its velocity must be reduced and converted into static pressure.
This conversion is achieved using either a volute casing or a diffuser.
A diffuser consists of a ring of stationary, diverging guide vanes surrounding the impeller.
As the high-velocity liquid passes through these expanding channels, its velocity decreases smoothly and pressure increases.
Because diffusers provide a highly controlled path for fluid deceleration, they are widely used in high-efficiency, multi-stage centrifugal pumps.
In contrast:
- Piston, screw, and gear pumps are positive-displacement pumps that rely on expanding and contracting cavities to move fluid and do not use a diffuser.
Step 2: Final Answer:
A diffuser is a component of a Centrifugal pump.
Centrifugal pumps operate by converting kinetic energy from a rotating impeller into static pressure head.
This energy conversion must be performed efficiently within the pump casing to minimize turbulence and energy losses.
Detailed Explanation:
When liquid enters the eye of a centrifugal pump's impeller, the rotating vanes accelerate the fluid, throwing it outward at high velocity.
As the fluid exits the impeller perimeter, it possesses high kinetic energy but low static pressure.
To make this fluid useful for transport, its velocity must be reduced and converted into static pressure.
This conversion is achieved using either a volute casing or a diffuser.
A diffuser consists of a ring of stationary, diverging guide vanes surrounding the impeller.
As the high-velocity liquid passes through these expanding channels, its velocity decreases smoothly and pressure increases.
Because diffusers provide a highly controlled path for fluid deceleration, they are widely used in high-efficiency, multi-stage centrifugal pumps.
In contrast:
- Piston, screw, and gear pumps are positive-displacement pumps that rely on expanding and contracting cavities to move fluid and do not use a diffuser.
Step 2: Final Answer:
A diffuser is a component of a Centrifugal pump.
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