Question

Darwin’s finches and Australian marsupials are suitable examples of adaptive radiation – justify the statement.

Hint:

Remember: Adaptive radiation = One ancestor → Many adaptations.

Answer 1

Concept: Adaptive radiation is the evolutionary process in which organisms diversify rapidly from a common ancestor into a variety of forms adapted to different environments.
Step 1: Darwin’s finches.

• Found in the Galapagos Islands
• Evolved from a common ancestral finch species
• Developed different beak shapes and sizes based on feeding habits
• Examples:
  • Seed eaters → Strong, thick beaks
  • Insect eaters → Thin, pointed beaks
  • Cactus feeders → Long, curved beaks

Step 2: Australian marsupials.

• Marsupials in Australia evolved from a common ancestor
• Diversified into various forms occupying different ecological niches
• Examples:
  • Kangaroo (grassland)
  • Koala (arboreal)
  • Tasmanian wolf (carnivorous)

Step 3: Justification.

• Both groups originated from a common ancestor
• Adapted to different environments and ecological roles
• Show diversification in structure and function

Step 4: Conclusion.
Thus, Darwin’s finches and Australian marsupials are classic examples of adaptive radiation.