Step 1: Examine each pair.
\[
\begin{aligned}
\text{Thyroxine} &\rightarrow \text{Amine hormone} \quad \checkmark
\text{Oxytocin} &\rightarrow \text{Peptide hormone} \quad \checkmark
\text{Testosterone} &\rightarrow \text{Steroid hormone} \quad \times
\text{Progesterone} &\rightarrow \text{Steroid hormone} \quad \checkmark
\end{aligned}
\]
Step 2: Identify the mismatched pair.
Testosterone is synthesized from cholesterol and belongs to the class of
\[
\boxed{\text{Steroid hormones}}
\]
and not protein hormones.
Step 3: Choose the correct option.
Hence,
\[
\boxed{(C)}
\]
is the correct answer.