Question

Choose the correct pair of thinkers-ideas:
A. Antonio Gramsci : Hegemony
B. Caroline Merchant : Link between gender oppression and the death of nature
C. Jeremy Bentham : Knowledge class in information societies
D. Charles Maurras : Integral nationalism
E. Judith Butler : Heterosexual Matrix
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• A. A, C, D and E only
• B. B, C, D and E only
• C. A, B, D and E only
• D. A, D and E only

Hint:

Gramsci = Cultural Power (Hegemony).
Butler = Gender as Performance.
Maurras = Extreme Nationalism.
Merchant = Nature + Feminism (Ecofeminism).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Concept: This question requires matching key thinkers from diverse fields (Marxism, Feminism, Nationalism, and Gender Studies) with their core theoretical contributions.

Step 1: Analyzing Political and Cultural Concepts (A, D, and E).

• A. Antonio Gramsci: Correctly matched with Hegemony. He used this to describe how the ruling class maintains power not just through force, but by shaping the cultural values and common sense of society.
• D. Charles Maurras: Correctly matched with Integral Nationalism. This was a radical, right-wing form of nationalism that prioritized the nation above all else.
• E. Judith Butler: Correctly matched with the Heterosexual Matrix. This is a key concept in queer theory describing how society assumes a necessary link between biological sex, gender identity, and sexual desire.

Step 2: Analyzing Social and Environmental Ethics (B and C).

• B. Caroline Merchant: Correctly matched. In her book *The Death of Nature*, she argues that the Scientific Revolution led to the exploitation of both women and nature by viewing them as passive objects.
• C. Jeremy Bentham: Incorrect. Bentham is the father of Utilitarianism (18th/19th C). The "Knowledge class in information societies" is a contemporary concept associated with thinkers like Daniel Bell or Manuel Castells.

Step 3: Final Matching.
Pairs A, B, D, and E are correct. Pair C is an anachronism.