Question

Biodiversity hotspots were originally identified by

• A. Charles Darwin
• B. Norman Myers
• C. Alexander Vivo
• D. J B Raintree

Hint:

Remember the 2 criteria: 1500 endemic plant species AND 70% habitat loss. This specific definition is often tested in competitive exams.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
This question identifies the scientist responsible for introducing the concept of biodiversity hotspots to prioritize global conservation efforts.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:

• Origin of the Concept: The term "Biodiversity Hotspot" was coined by the British ecologist Norman Myers in a seminal paper in 1988 and further refined in 2000.

• Criteria for Identification: Myers defined a hotspot based on two strict criteria:
- Endemism: The area must contain at least 1,500 species of vascular plants as endemics ($>$ 0.5% of the world’s total).
- Threat: The area must have lost at least 70% of its original primary vegetation.

• Purpose: The goal was to pinpoint regions where conservation efforts would yield the maximum impact in preventing mass extinctions.

• Global Status: Currently, there are 36 recognized biodiversity hotspots worldwide. India is home to four of these: The Himalayas, Indo-Burma, Western Ghats, and Sundaland (Nicobar Islands).

• Other Options: Charles Darwin is known for the theory of evolution; Alexander Von Humboldt was a biogeographer; J.B. Raintree is associated with agroforestry "Diagnosis and Design."

Step 3: Final Answer:
The concept of biodiversity hotspots was originally identified and proposed by Norman Myers.