Question:
Arrange the NR (Natural Rubber) modulus properties in descending order with same dose of cross linkers:
A. Vulcanized NR with 30 phr Carbon black (HAF)
B. Vulcanized NR with 10 phr Plasticizer (DOP)
C. Vulcanized NR
D. Vulcanized NR with 10 phr DOP and 30 phr HAF.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Arrange the NR (Natural Rubber) modulus properties in descending order with same dose of cross linkers:
A. Vulcanized NR with 30 phr Carbon black (HAF)
B. Vulcanized NR with 10 phr Plasticizer (DOP)
C. Vulcanized NR
D. Vulcanized NR with 10 phr DOP and 30 phr HAF.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
A. Vulcanized NR with 30 phr Carbon black (HAF)
B. Vulcanized NR with 10 phr Plasticizer (DOP)
C. Vulcanized NR
D. Vulcanized NR with 10 phr DOP and 30 phr HAF.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Show Hint
Fillers like Carbon Black are "Hardeners," and Plasticizers are "Softeners." If you want the highest modulus, look for the most filler with the least plasticizer!
Updated On: May 20, 2026
- D, A, C, B
- C, D, A, B
- D, A, B, C
- A, D, C, B
Show Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Concept:
The modulus of rubber depends on the reinforcement (fillers) and the degree of softening (plasticizers). Carbon black increases modulus (stiffens), while DOP (Plasticizer) decreases it (softens).
Step 1: Evaluate the effect of each additive.
• A (NR + 30 phr HAF): Carbon black is a reinforcing filler that significantly increases the stiffness and modulus of the vulcanizate. This will have the highest modulus.
• D (NR + 10 phr DOP + 30 phr HAF): The HAF stiffens the rubber, but the DOP plasticizer softens it simultaneously. The net modulus will be high due to the HAF but lower than option A.
• C (Vulcanized NR): Pure vulcanized rubber with no fillers or plasticizers represents the baseline modulus.
• B (NR + 10 phr DOP): Plasticizers increase the free volume between chains, making the rubber much softer and reducing the modulus below the baseline. This is the lowest modulus.
Step 2: Final Sequence.
Descending order of modulus: A (Reinforced) $>$ D (Reinforced + Softened) $>$ C (Baseline) $>$ B (Softened).
Step 1: Evaluate the effect of each additive.
• A (NR + 30 phr HAF): Carbon black is a reinforcing filler that significantly increases the stiffness and modulus of the vulcanizate. This will have the highest modulus.
• D (NR + 10 phr DOP + 30 phr HAF): The HAF stiffens the rubber, but the DOP plasticizer softens it simultaneously. The net modulus will be high due to the HAF but lower than option A.
• C (Vulcanized NR): Pure vulcanized rubber with no fillers or plasticizers represents the baseline modulus.
• B (NR + 10 phr DOP): Plasticizers increase the free volume between chains, making the rubber much softer and reducing the modulus below the baseline. This is the lowest modulus.
Step 2: Final Sequence.
Descending order of modulus: A (Reinforced) $>$ D (Reinforced + Softened) $>$ C (Baseline) $>$ B (Softened).
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