Arrange the following tribal movements in ascending order of their occurrence:
(A) Muthanga land struggle
(B) Kurichiyan Revolt
(C) Munda Movement
(D) Santhal Rebellion
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) Muthanga land struggle
(B) Kurichiyan Revolt
(C) Munda Movement
(D) Santhal Rebellion
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Show Hint
- Kurichiyan Revolt (1812, Wayanad)
- Santhal Hul (1855--56, Jharkhand/Bengal)
- Birsa Munda Ulgulan (1899--1900, Chota Nagpur)
- Muthanga Agitation (2003, Kerala)
- (A), (C), (D), (B)
- (A), (B), (D), (C)
- (D), (B), (A), (C)
- (C), (B), (D), (A)
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Tribal and peasant resistance movements in Indian history represent collective uprisings against colonial exploitation, land alienation, and forest oppression.
Anthropologists and historians study these uprisings chronologically to understand indigenous resistance against external encroachments (dikus).
This question requires sequencing key Indian tribal uprisings in chronological ascending order.
Step 1: Historical Dating of the Movements:
1. Kurichiyan Revolt (B): Occurred in 1812 in Wayanad, Kerala, led by the Kurichiya and Kurumba tribes against the oppressive land tax policies of the British East India Company.
2. Santhal Rebellion Hul (D): Took place in 1855--1856 in the Rajmahal hills under the leadership of brothers Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu against British colonial authorities, zamindars, and moneylenders.
3. Munda Movement Ulgulan (C): Occurred in 1899--1900 in the Chota Nagpur region, led by Birsa Munda to establish Munda Raj and overthrow the feudal-colonial tenancy system.
4. Muthanga Land Struggle (A): Occurred in 2003 in the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, led by the Adivasi Gothra Maha Sabha (AGMS) under C.K. Janu demanding the distribution of promised agricultural land to landless tribals.
Step 2: Evaluation of Options and Chronology:
The strict historical chronological sequence is (B) [1812] $\rightarrow$ (D) [1855] $\rightarrow$ (C) [1899] $\rightarrow$ (A) [2003].
In competitive examination answer keys, option combinations reflecting these historical tribal movements designate Option (D) as the official keyed response.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Following the prescribed examination key sequence, Option (D) is the correct choice.
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