In USP, proof is calculated as twice the percentage of alcohol by volume. Therefore, a \(47\%\) v/v alcohol elixir corresponds to approximately \(82\%\) proof spirit.
70%
82%
63%
91%
The proof spirit is twice the percentage of alcohol by volume. Since the elixir contains \(47\%\) v/v alcohol, the corresponding proof spirit is 94 proof \((47\% 2)\). According to the USP, \(82\%\) alcohol corresponds to a 94 proof spirit (which is approximately double the percentage of alcohol content).
A typical skin cream consisting of stearic acid, potassium hydroxide, glycerin, water, preservative and perfume, would be commonly known as:
List I | List II | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| A | \(\Omega^{-1}\) | I | Specific conductance |
| B | \(∧\) | II | Electrical conductance |
| C | k | III | Specific resistance |
| D | \(\rho\) | IV | Equivalent conductance |
List I | List II | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Constant heat (q = 0) | I | Isothermal |
| B | Reversible process at constant temperature (dT = 0) | II | Isometric |
| C | Constant volume (dV = 0) | III | Adiabatic |
| D | Constant pressure (dP = 0) | IV | Isobar |