Accumulation of soluble salts in soil is called as:
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Salinization is measured by checking the Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the saturated soil extract.
An EC value greater than 4.0 dS/m at 25 degrees Celsius indicates a saline soil.
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Soil degradation processes are defined by the accumulation or depletion of specific compounds within the soil profile.
In arid and semi-arid regions, the rate of evaporation exceeds precipitation, causing dissolved salts to rise to the soil surface through capillary action. Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Salinization is the process of accumulation of soluble salts (such as chlorides, sulfates, and carbonates of sodium, calcium, and magnesium) in the soil profile.
This process primarily occurs in arid and semi-arid zones where poor drainage combined with high evaporation rates causes water containing dissolved salts to rise to the soil surface.
As the water evaporates, it leaves behind a crust of concentrated salts that increases the osmotic pressure of the soil solution, making it difficult for plant roots to extract water.
Let us review the other terms to understand why they are incorrect:
1.Humification (A): This is the biochemical process of decomposing organic matter and converting it into stable, dark-colored humus.
2.Laterization (C): This is a weathering process in hot, wet tropical climates where silica is leached out, leaving behind soil rich in iron and aluminum oxides (laterite soils).
3.Gleization (D): This occurs under waterlogged, anaerobic conditions where iron compounds are reduced, giving the soil a characteristic bluish-grey color. Step 2: Final Answer:
The accumulation of soluble salts in the soil profile is called Salinization.
