Two charges $ -q $ each are fixed, separated by distance $ 2d $. A third charge $ q $ of mass $ m $ placed at the mid-point is displaced slightly by $ x' (x \ll d) $ perpendicular to the line joining the two fixed charges as shown in the figure. The time period of oscillation of $ q $ will be:
A charge \( Q \) is distributed over two concentric hollow spheres of radii \( r \) and \( R \) (\( R>r \)) such that their surface charge densities are equal. Find the electric potential at their common center.
Prove Mayer's relation: \( C_p - C_v = \frac{R}{J} \)
Find out the angle of refraction in a medium of refractive index \(\sqrt{3}\), when the angle of incidence is \(60^\circ\).