Question

Write only chemical equation for the following reactions:

Hint:

In organic chemistry, reactions involving alcohols, alkyl halides, and phenols often result in the formation of ethers, alkenes, and aromatic compounds through nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions.

Answer 1

(i) Alkyl halide reacts with sodium alkoxide.
The reaction between an alkyl halide (e.g., ethyl chloride) and sodium alkoxide (e.g., sodium ethoxide) results in the formation of an ether (e.g., ethyl ether) and the release of sodium chloride. The chemical equation is: \[ \text{R-Cl} + \text{R'-O}^- \rightarrow \text{R-O-R'} + \text{Cl}^- \] (ii) Phenol heated with Zn (zinc) powder.
When phenol is heated with zinc powder, it undergoes reduction to form benzene. The chemical equation is: \[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{OH} + \text{Zn} \xrightarrow{\text{heat}} \text{C}_6\text{H}_6 + \text{ZnO} \] (iii) Ethyl alcohol is treated with H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) at 413 K.
When ethyl alcohol is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid at 413 K, it undergoes dehydration to form ethene. The chemical equation is: \[ \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} \xrightarrow{\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4, 413 \, \text{K}} \text{C}_2\text{H}_4 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]