Question

Who among the following thinkers is NOT associated with the subculture theory:
1. L.R. Goldberg
2. Charles Murray
3. Albert Cohen
4. Cloward and Ohlin
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. 1
• B. 2
• C. 3
• D. 4

Hint:

To remember Subculture theorists, think of the CCC—Cohen, Cloward, and Charles Murray. Goldberg is a 'Personality' guy, not a 'Subculture' guy.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Concept: Subculture theories in criminology argue that certain groups (often lower-class youth) develop a set of values and norms that are different from—and often in opposition to—the dominant culture, leading to delinquent behavior.

Step 1: Identifying Subculture Theorists.

• Albert Cohen (3) is famous for his work on "Delinquent Boys," describing how they develop subcultures to gain status they cannot achieve in school.
• Cloward and Ohlin (4) developed the "Differential Opportunity Theory," explaining three types of delinquent subcultures: criminal, conflict, and retreatist.
• Charles Murray (2) is associated with the "Underclass" subculture theory, focusing on how welfare dependency can create a subculture of poverty and crime.

Step 2: Identifying the Outlier.
L.R. Goldberg (1) is a psychologist primarily known for his work in personality psychology, specifically the "Big Five" personality traits. His work belongs to the field of psychometrics and personality theory, not the sociological study of criminal subcultures.